Presses and Democracies

The article “Presses and Democracies” was written by Daniel C. Hallin and Robert Giles ( Oxford/New York 2005) . Authors talked about some political figures on March 14, 1982 .Due to the process of globalization, the variety of News media is less dramatic than before. This chapter illustrates the differences of the media and the relations between the differences and other features in political and social systems by adopting and the concept of Four Theories of the Press. First of all, this chapter divides the western media systems in to three main models including, “The liberal model” which can be found mostly in the United States and other English speaking countries, “The polarized pluralist model” that exists in southern Europe and the rest of the world, and “The democratic corporatist model” that domains northern and central European counties. Then, the differences of the three models are also pointed according to the following four dimensions. “The emergence of a mass-circulation press ”,“ The degree and nature of state involvement in the media ”,“ The degree of political parallelism and “The degree of political parallelism”. In conclusion, the differences between the media systems diminished predominantly because of the growing influence of the liberal model that spread over Eastern Europe and Asia. Having said that; the disparity still exists. Political culture is one factor influencing this distinction. The countries of Europe have different political background and the process of democratization of the Media failed in Southern Europe.